Celebrating Women Food Scientists During Women’s History Month

It should come as no surprise that women have been shaping food science for centuries. From food-product packaging to animal handling to plant genetics, women have had a hand in many innovations that have helped make today’s food system vast, safe, and healthy. March is Women’s History Month, and this year we’re highlighting two spectacular women in food science—one who revolutionized frozen food safety and another who harnessed plant science to impact the health of millions. Dr. Mary Engle Pennington Sometimes referred to as the “Ice Woman,” Dr. Mary Engle Pennington played a pivotal role in refrigerated and frozen food safety in the early 20th century. Born in 1872, Dr. Pennington was refused a bachelor’s degree by the University of Pennsylvania in 1892 because of her gender. However, she persisted and received a certificate of proficiency in chemistry and then continued her studies to garner her doctorate in chemistry at the university in 1895. Following the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act, Dr. Pennington became the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) first woman lab chief, heading up the Bureau of Chemistry’s Food Research Lab. During her time at the FDA, Pennington revolutionized cold food storage, discovering that fresh foods that are consistently kept at a low temperature last longer than those that go through multiple temperature fluctuations. This finding was particularly important for the transportation of food products like cheese, milk, and eggs; if these foods were kept at a consistent temperature from starting location to their final destination, their bacteria levels stayed low and they were less likely to spoil. Pennington’s discovery led to the development of refrigerated transport as a means to maintain low temperatures over long distances, as well as an upgrade to home refrigeration, which began to use technology similar to that […]

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World Food Safety Day: Remembering Those Microbes!

World Food Safety Day is today (June 7th), and IFIC celebrates each year by considering how our food-supply chain can improve its safety—a critical part of our everyday nutrition and wellness. Supporting safe food manufacturing and processing is a core value of supporting mankind’s nourishment—even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, when virus-related roadblocks have impacted the food industry workforce, facility operations, and grocery-store inventories all over the country. Ensuring food safety in the U.S. is a tall order, but individual actions count—so what concerns should we prioritize this year? The U.S. has one of the safest food systems in the world, and IFIC’s 2022 Food and Health Survey uncovered that for the past five years, a majority (68%) of people have felt confident in the safety of our food supply. However, this number is down from where it was in 2012, when 78% of consumers were confident in the supply’s safety. The 2022 survey also uncovered that among the most important food-safety issues cited for consumers is foodborne illness from bacteria. Since we’ve seen this issue remain consistent, let’s highlight some common foodborne illness–causing microbes, as well as ways to handle food properly in case of a recall and, finally, what to do if you suspect you have a foodborne illness. Nasty Little Buggers Although researchers have identified more than 250 types of foodborne illnesses, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the top five bacteria that cause foodborne illness in the United States are Norovirus, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph). The CDC also estimates that, annually in the U.S., 48 million people get sick from a foodborne illness, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die. Beyond the U.S., foodborne illness from bacteria is a serious public health issue that impacts people globally. The […]

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Free-Range Chickens and Cage-Free Eggs: The S(coop) on Poultry Labels

Eggs are often dubbed an “incredible” food for a reason: They’re nutritious and delicious, and many of us enjoy them—whether scrambled, boiled, or fried. And for meat eaters, chicken can be equally delicious in all its forms—from a classic Sunday roast to kid-favorite fried tenders to game-day buffalo wings. But while the jury may always be out on which came first in the chicken-or-egg debate, these two poultry-based foods bring other conundrums to the grocery aisle. Specifically, when we shop for eggs and chicken, do we know how to understand all the labels that can show up on their packaging? Terms like “free-range” and “cage-free” may sound good in theory, but what do they really mean? And how much do we know about the broader farming practices behind chicken and egg production? Read on to learn how you can confidently navigate poultry labels the next time you’re buying chicken or eggs. The Dish on Chicken-Raising Regulations Most of us know that chicken provides a host of food benefits: It’s a great source of protein and other nutrients, is often accessible in most grocery stores, and is easily incorporated into many individual and family meals. And according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), chicken consumption around the world is on the rise, with chicken tracking as the most consumed livestock commodity globally. Animal welfare guidance for poultry includes regulations set forth and enforced by the USDA. Specifically, all U.S. chicken farmers are expected to adhere to both the federal Animal Welfare Act and the Poultry Product Inspection Act in their raising, handling, and processing of chickens for both meat (referred to as broilers) and egg-laying (layers). USDA expects that farms that raise chickens must ensure their facilities provide three foundational aspects to their production: proper nutrition (clean water and feed) […]

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To Toss or Not To Toss: What You Should Do If Your Food Is Recalled

When it comes to feeding the U.S. population, it’s vital that our government prioritizes food safety and ensures that our food supply chain is safe. Documentaries such as “Poisoned: The Dirty Truth About Your Food,” media headlines about wood fragments in cookies and E. Coli in spinach, and stories of social media influencers getting sick from Tara flour have helped lead to public uproar and a push for stronger food safety standards. But it’s important to know that generally, the food supply in the United States is known as “one of the safest in the world”—an assessment you can trust. One of the reasons behind this low level of risk is the consistent, standard monitoring practices exercised by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). These regular inspections quickly identify and correct violations in food safety standards that may lead to a food recall. Food recalls can incite confusion and fear, but a product can be taken off the shelf for a variety of reasons. Food can be recalled from the national supply chain when the U.S. government has identified possible contamination with disease-causing microorganisms, the presence of a foreign object, or a lack of proper labeling of a major allergen. Usually, food recalls are voluntarily initiated by a food company, but the FDA and USDA may also initiate the process. The FDA oversees this regulation for most food products—with the exception of meat, poultry, and processed egg products, which the USDA regulates. The purpose of these recalls is to help prevent possible illness or injury, especially for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding, have weakened immune systems, are very young or elderly, or have other special health considerations that make them more vulnerable to foodborne illness. If you have consumed a product […]

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Heavy Metals

Hearing more about heavy metals and want to get up to speed? Explore the IFIC Heavy Metals Toolkit, where you’ll find insights, continuing education and evidence-based resources to help improve understanding about heavy metals in food, their potential health impact and the steps being taken to monitor and reduce their presence in the food supply.

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What is Molasses?

Highlights There are many different types and forms of caloric sweeteners that we collectively call “sugar.” Some sugars come in granulated form, such as table sugar. Table sugar is sucrose, a disaccharide made of equal parts of two monosaccharides: fructose and glucose. Other types of sugars, such as agave syrup and high fructose corn syrup, come in liquid forms as mixtures of the monosaccharides fructose and glucose. Molasses is type of liquid sugar that primarily contains sucrose and smaller amounts of the monosaccharides fructose and glucose. Molasses is not as sweet as table sugar and is typically more viscous (thicker and stickier) than other liquid sweeteners like agave syrup, honey and high fructose corn syrup. Molasses is the ingredient in brown sugar that gives it its distinct color, flavor and moisture. In addition to its properties as a sweetener, molasses adds moisture, consistency and crust to baked goods such as cookies, dark breads, gingerbread and pies, as well as thickness to baked beans, marinades and sauces. Molasses is also used to make rum. Where does molasses come from? Molasses is a product of the sugar beet and sugar cane refinement processes. Sugar cane and sugar beets are grown around the world, including in the U.S., where sugar beets are grown in 11 states and sugar cane is grown in three states. Molasses from sugar cane is preferred for human consumption, whereas molasses from sugar beets is typically used in animal feed due to its bitter flavor. The degree of sugar cane molasses refinement can vary. This variation results in three different grades of sugar cane molasses, for which the USDA has established standards. Less refining yields molasses that has a lighter color, higher sugar content and sweeter taste. Additional refinement yields molasses with a darker color, lower sugar content, less […]

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It’s Not You, It’s Me: Navigating Americans’ Food & Nutrition Trust Issues

We have trust issues. One of the starkest findings from the latest IFIC Spotlight Survey, “Americans’ Trust In Food & Nutrition Science,” is that less than four in 10 Americans say they strongly trust science about food, nutrition, and/or diet. Trust is everything. In the actions of daily living. In relationships. And yes…in science. And it is also paramount in effective communication. Because communication is a two-way street, communicating effectively is not just about how information is translated and delivered but also how it is received. If food and nutrition information is not trusted, it is unlikely to be considered or acted upon. Fortunately, our recent survey provides some important insights on how to rebuild consumer trust. Cracks In Consumer Confidence Three themes emerged as potential factors in diminishing consumer trust in food and nutrition science. Junk Communication Consumers grapple with a confusing and often untrustworthy messaging environment. Some food and nutrition communications convey their displeasure with “junk food,” yet “junk communication” inundates consumers daily. From anecdotal evidence to the overpromotion of single studies to outright misinformation, the nutrition landscape is rife with misleading messages. What topics generate more outrageous headlines than those about food and nutrition? Science is a process or a journey—not an outcome or a destination. It is crucial to remember that evidence is always evolving. As expert food and nutrition communicators, we must emotionally connect with our audience, provide context and facts, and share action-oriented recommendations, inspiring confidence. Still, trust does not require blind faith. Americans should be discerning consumers and understand there is room for skepticism and open dialogue. What we do not want is for distrust to feed a lack of motivation to act in ways inconsistent with personal and public health. Some Good News The good news is that, despite the confusion and negative […]

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Can Processed Foods Find a Place in Your Balanced Diet?

What comes to mind when you think of the term “processed foods”? Consumer confidence in defining this colloquial term varies, according to IFIC’s recent consumer survey, “Perceptions on Processed.” The survey found that nearly half of respondents selected the answer “I can easily explain what processed foods are and identify examples of processed foods.” But what are those explanations? For some, “processed” equates solely to “low in nutrients,” whereas others have a more wholistic definition, acknowledging that processing occurs on a spectrum and that many of the foods we eat are processed on some level. If you’re wondering why these varying definitions matter, consider that how we think about processed foods is the first step in directing how we can appropriately incorporate them into our eating patterns. For example, our survey found that when respondents were asked to choose the positive aspects of processed foods from a list of attributes, the most popular options were “convenience” (with 45% saying so), “affordability” (39%), and “shelf-life” (38%). On the other hand, when provided with the same list of attributes but asked to choose which aspects respondents perceived as negative, the most selected options were “impact on health” (44%), “quality of ingredients” (33%), and “nutrition” (31%). Are these fair assessments on the part of consumers? Let’s review how processed foods may (or may not) play a helpful role in an eating pattern that is nutritious overall. Saving Time Some processed and packaged foods are non-perishable or quick to prepare while still featuring minimal processing, so you can keep your kitchen stocked with fast and healthy options and spend less time prepping dinner. Some great grocery-list suggestions include frozen fruits and vegetables, canned beans, legumes, and soups (be sure to check the Nutrition Facts Label for low-sodium options), fortified cereal and granola bars, microwavable brown rice, […]

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