What is the Flexitarian Diet?

Download the Flexitarian Diet Fact Sheet Here Highlights The Basics Most Americans do not consume the recommended amounts of dairy, fruits, legumes (e.g., chickpeas, lentils and beans, including soy), seafood, vegetables or whole grains.1,2,3 While a complete diet overhaul may seem daunting, one style of eating—the “flexitarian diet”—attempts to make it easier to shift dietary choices by focusing more on what can be added to the diet rather than what should be taken away. The flexitarian diet is a play on two words: flexible and vegetarian. While no single definition has been adopted, the flexitarian diet can be generally defined as a semi-vegetarian, plant-forward diet that incorporates dairy and eggs and allows room for meat from time to time. The emphasis on plant foods is thought to contribute to the health benefits associated with a vegetarian diet without requiring compliance to the dietary rules of 100%-vegetarian or vegan diets. There are no set calorie or macronutrient goals in a flexitarian diet. Instead, the goal is to increase the consumption of plant or plant-based foods over time, keeping in mind that meat is not off-limits but rather that it is eaten less frequently and/or in smaller portions. Calories in the flexitarian diet mostly come from nutrient-rich foods such as fruits, legumes, whole grains and vegetables. When it comes to protein, plant-based foods (e.g., soy foods, legumes, nuts and seeds) are the primary source. Protein also comes from eggs and dairy, with lesser amounts coming from meat, especially red and processed meats. Due to the emphasis on nutrient-dense foods, the flexitarian diet encourages limiting one’s intake of saturated fat, added sugars and sodium. The Flexitarian Diet and Your Health A flexitarian diet can have a positive impact on health,4,5 while being less strict than a 100%-vegetarian or vegan diet. The plant-forward philosophy […]

article

Does Your Diet Affect Your Sleep?

It’s no secret that a healthy diet affects so many different facets of daily life, and sleep is no exception. It’s recommended that adults get seven or more hours of sleep per night. Yet, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), one out of three American adults get less than that. Since not getting enough sleep is linked with many chronic diseases and conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity and depression, focusing on strategies to promote better sleep can lead to better health. While a variety of strategies including exercise, a consistent sleep routine and limiting electronic devices around bedtime can support quality sleep –considering changes to what you eat and drink are other important variables. Sleep 101 Before we dive into the effects of diet on sleep, let’s first discuss the biology of sleep. Sleep is controlled by a variety of hormones in the body, specifically melatonin and serotonin. Melatonin helps regulate sleep and wake cycles, while serotonin signals the body to make more melatonin. Tryptophan, an amino acid found in a variety of protein-rich foods, is a precursor to melatonin and serotonin, which is why tryptophan-rich foods are often recommended for better sleep. Tryptophan for Sleep Studies have also shown that low tryptophan levels in the diet can impair sleep. Some tryptophan-rich foods include meat, seeds, nuts, cheese, eggs and soy products. Interestingly, there’s not a wide range of tryptophan content among meats; Turkey, chicken and beef have about 300 milligrams of tryptophan per 3-ounce serving. However, ounce for ounce, pumpkin seeds pack the highest tryptophan punch, with about 60% more tryptophan than turkey, chicken or beef. Fruits like cherries and kiwis also contain these sleep-promoting hormones and amino acid. Clinical trials have shown that cherry and kiwi consumption improve sleep quality and duration. […]

article

Labeling That Saves Lives: Understanding FALCPA

There’s nothing easy about living with food allergies. Having one or multiple food allergies can make grocery shopping, grab-n-go snacks, and casual lunch dates tricky if not confusing and frustrating — especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when, according to IFIC consumer data, “21% [of survey respondents] said that they were worried about their ability to provide enough food for their family.” Under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), the U.S. food regulatory system ensures that our food supply is safe from microbial, chemical and other potential risks. But what about allergen risk? How do you know if an allergen is in your favorite foods? Thanks to the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA), we can all rest a little easier and have confidence in our food choices, even with food allergies. What is FALCPA? FALCPA is the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act. Congress passed FALCPA in 2006 as a way for consumers to easily recognize the presence of allergens in food. It makes grocery shopping a little less stressful in many ways because consumers can see which foods contain allergens and which do not. The law requires food companies to list—directly on food packages—each of the eight major food allergens they contain. This means that you can find any food containing milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans clearly marked on packages. According to the FDA, “More than 160 foods have been identified to cause food allergies in sensitive individuals. However, the eight major food allergens identified by FALCPA account for over 90 percent of all documented food allergies in the U.S. and represent the foods most likely to result in severe or life-threatening reactions.” What about sesame? Sesame labeling is not required under FALCPA, even though more and more Americans are […]

article

Food Allergies Across the Globe

In the time it takes to make your bed in the morning or brush your teeth at night, a person has been admitted to the emergency room due to a food allergy. Food allergies are a major health concern worldwide responsible for sending someone to emergency medical care every three minutes. The cause of food allergies is unknown, but their mechanism is the same: A person’s body mistakes certain nutrients in a food as harmful, which triggers an inflammatory response that can threaten the person’s health—and even cause their death. Food allergies and adverse reactions can arise at any age and may come and go throughout a person’s life. The outcome of a reaction can range in severity from mild (causing rashes, hives, and other external signs of inflammation) to severe (for example, leading to difficulty breathing or causing swelling of the throat). In their most severe form, food allergies can even cause anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the body goes into shock. Recent data estimate that between 1.1 and 10.8% of the global population has a food allergy, and the rates of food allergies appear to be increasing. Documenting food allergies can be difficult, since food intolerances (less-serious adverse reactions to foods that are not allergies but may cause symptoms like gastrointestinal discomfort) are often mistaken for food allergies; self-reported food allergies are prone to bias; and the diagnostic process for identifying food allergies in patients varies between countries. In the United States, about 32 million people report having a food allergy, and each year around 200,000 people seek emergency medical care due to food allergies. Food allergies are particularly common in youth, with about one in every 13 children being diagnosed with a food allergy in the United States (and around 40% of children with food allergies […]

insights

Celebrating a Scientific Changemaker for AAPI Heritage Month: Dr. Fan Qingsheng

May is Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month—a wonderful time to highlight the many pivotal social, cultural, and scientific contributions of the people who have Asian and/or Pacific Islander lineage in the U.S. This year, we’re highlighting Fan Qingsheng, a dynamic scientist who accomplished a great deal in the realms of botany, antibiotic production, microbial pathogenesis, and public health efforts to thwart infectious diseases in both the U.S. and China. While the benefits Qingsheng imparted to these fields were all significant, his work was especially pioneering in the study of nitrogen availability in soil and the bacteria that positively contribute to it—helping the U.S. (and the world) make huge strides in the science of crop development. Beneficial Bacteria: Living Their Best Lives Healthy soil is a key ingredient for farming success and nutritious crop production. Fertile soils harbor a plethora of beneficial bacteria, constituting a unique ecosystem that aids in soil-water dispersal, nutrient cycling, and plant-disease suppression. In our everyday lives, we typically are taught to avoid bacteria in order to sidestep foodborne illness. But in the case of soil, there are many vital “good guy” bacteria that help plants and ecosystems thrive. In fact, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has noted that a teaspoon of productive soil generally contains between 100 million and one billion bacteria! Bacteria display varied activity in soil and are grouped into four categories: decomposers (which convert plant matter into forms of food for other living organisms in the soil); mutualists (which become partners with plants and convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into nitrogen for plants); pathogens (which can cause disease in plants but can also facilitate helpful antibiotic production in soil); and lithotrophs and chemoautotrophs (which obtain energy from compounds of nitrogen, sulfur, iron, or hydrogen instead of from plants or other organic matter). Nitrogen (which composes […]

insights

International Food Information Council Publishes Science Communications Guide On National Science Appreciation Day 

Supporting food and nutrition communicators to convey credible information to the public and build trust in science    (Washington, D.C.) — In the wake of years marked by misinformation and polarization, trust in science is on the decline.¹ The spread of misinformation on social media, the politicization of scientific issues, and sensationalized headlines have all contributed to this erosion of trust. As a result, efforts to bridge the gap between the scientific community and the public have become increasingly crucial: Now, more than ever, scientific literacy—and tools to help increase scientific literacy—are critical.  Understanding this need, the International Food Information Council (IFIC) recently published a new science communications guidance document, Understanding & Interpreting Food & Health Scientific Studies: Guidance For Food & Nutrition Communicators, fulfilling IFIC’s mission to effectively communicate science-based information on food safety, nutrition, and sustainable food systems. In publishing this document, IFIC celebrates scientific advancements and seeks to build trust in science by making science accessible and approachable.   “Consumers are inundated with conflicting food and nutrition information every day, causing confusion about what action, if any, they should take to improve their health,” Wendy Reinhardt Kapsak, MS, RDN, IFIC President & CEO, said. “We see the Understanding & Interpreting Food & Health Scientific Studies guidance document as an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to communicate scientific concepts with clarity and impact. This document is a roadmap for communicators to navigate the complexities of science and engage audiences in meaningful dialogue,” Reinhardt Kapsak added.    Designed specifically for mass communicators—including media, health professionals, and educators, among others—this guidance document encourages critical thinking in understanding and interpreting food- and health-related scientific studies. Key features include:  “The diet and nutrition landscape is congested,” Milton Stokes, PhD, MPH, RD, IFIC Senior Director, Food & Nutrition, said. “While much of the content […]

Media

Functional Foods: Superheroes for Health

Taste plays a chief role in why we choose foods—as demonstrated by nearly two decades of our annual Food and Health Survey. But healthfulness is also an important driver of food purchases, and many people want to know how specific nutrients affect their health and well-being. In fact, many people seek out certain foods to support their energy, weight management, digestive, heart health, sleep, and immunity goals. Whether it’s a probiotic yogurt or vitamin D-enhanced mushrooms, eating more functional foods (sometimes hyped-up as “superfoods”) can improve our health, longevity, and quality of life. Read on to find out how. What Are Functional Foods? The term “functional foods” originated in Japan during the 1980s. In 1991, the Japanese government established a regulatory system for the labeling of “Foods for Specified Health Uses” (FOSHU) to classify foods considered to be beneficial for human health. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also regulates functional foods, despite there being no legal definition in this country. In general, foods are considered “functional” if they provide benefits beyond basic nutritional needs, such as further enhancing health and well-being. The beneficial nutrients in functional foods may be naturally present, or they may be added during manufacturing. The production of functional foods can also include the removal or substitution of some ingredients that may improve their nutritional profile—such as fat being removed from whole milk to create reduced-fat (2%), low-fat (1%), and fat-free (skim) milks. Other examples of functional foods include fruits, vegetables, fatty fish, nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains, and fortified or enhanced foods like cereals and probiotic beverages. As you can see, there are a wide variety of functional foods to choose from—some in their whole form, and others that have been enriched, fortified, or otherwise nutritionally enhanced. With a better understanding of […]

article

Questions and Answers About Fructose

What is fructose? Fructose is a monosaccharide, or single sugar, that has the same chemical formula as glucose but a different molecular structure. Sometimes called fruit sugar, fructose is found in fruit, some vegetables, honey, and other plants. Fructose and other sugars are carbohydrates, an important source of energy for the body. What other types of sugars are there? The food supply contains a variety of sugars called monosaccharides (single sugar units like fructose and glucose) and disaccharides (two monosaccharides linked together). Glucose is the main source of energy for the body because most complex sugars and carbohydrates break down into glucose during digestion. Starches contain many single sugar units linked together. The various sugars perform different functions in the body, but they all can provide energy. Sucrose is a disaccharide that contains equal parts of glucose and fructose. Known as table or white sugar, sucrose is found naturally in sugar cane and sugar beets. Other sugars in foods and beverages include: Lactose Disaccharide containing glucose and galactose Naturally occurring in milk Maltose Disaccharide containing two glucoses Crystallized from starch Dextrose Another name for glucose Crystallized from sugar cane, sugar beets and starches Corn Syrup Primarily single glucose units Produced from corn starch High Fructose Corn Syrup Primarily a mixture of glucose and fructose single units Produced from corn starch Is fructose safe? High fructose corn syrup and all other sugars are “generally recognized as safe” by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Surgeon General’s Report on Nutrition and Health, the National Academy of Sciences report Diet and Health, and Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services support this conclusion. In a 2002 scientific statement on sugar and cardiovascular disease, the American Heart Association concluded that, for […]

article